First tropical depression of the season may form from 92L
An unusually large and well-developed African tropical wave for so early in the season has developed midway between the coast of Africa and South America. The storm was designated Invest 92L by the National Hurricane Center yesterday, and has a good chance of becoming the first tropical depression of the Atlantic hurricane season. Surface winds measured by the 8:23am EDT pass of the European ASCAT satellite revealed that 92L already has a closed surface circulation, though the circulation is large and elongated. Top winds seen by ASCAT were about 25 mph. METEOSAT visible satellite loops show a large and impressive circulation that is steadily consolidating, with spiral bands building inward towards center, and upper-level outflow beginning to be established to the northwest and north.
Figure 1. Morning satellite image of Invest 92L.
Climatology argues against development of 92L, since only one named storm has ever formed between Africa and the Lesser Antilles Islands in the month of June--Tropical Storm Ana of 1979 (Figure 2). However, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) underneath 92L are an extremely high 28 - 30°C, which is warmer than the temperatures reached during the peak of hurricane season last year, in August - September. In fact, with summer not even here, and three more months of heating remaining until we reach peak SSTs in the Atlantic, ocean temperatures across the entire Caribbean and waters between Africa and the Lesser Antilles are about the same as they were during the peak week for water temperatures in 2009 (mid-September.) While 92L will cross over a 1°C cooler patch of water on Monday, the storm will encounter very warm SSTs of 28-29°C again by Tuesday.
The disturbance doesn't have to worry about dry air--Total Precipitable Water (TPW) loops show a very moist plume of air accompanies 92L, and water vapor satellite loops show that the center of 92L is at least 300 - 400 miles from any substantial areas of dry air. The 60-day cycle of enhanced thunderstorm activity called the Madden-Jullian Oscillation is currently favoring upward motion over eastern tropical Atlantic, and this enhanced upward motion helps create stronger updrafts and higher chances of tropical cyclone development.
Figure 2. Tropical Storm Ana of 1979 was the only June named storm on record to form between Africa and the Lesser Antilles Islands.
The forecast for 92L
A major issue for 92L, like it is for most June disturbances, is wind shear. The subtropical jet stream has a branch flowing through the Caribbean and tropical Atlantic north of 10° N that is bringing 20 - 40 knots of wind shear to the region. Our disturbance is currently located at 7°N, well south of this band of high shear, and is only experiencing 5 - 15 knots of shear. This moderate amount of shear should allow for some steady development of 92L over the next few days as it tracks west-northwest at 10 - 15 mph. The National Hurricane Center is giving 92L a medium (30% chance) of developing into a tropical depression by Tuesday morning. Based on visible satellite imagery over the past few hours, I believe this forecast is not aggressive enough, and that 92L has a 50% chance of developing into a tropical depression by Tuesday morning. Another factor holding 92L back is its proximity to the Equator. I would give 92L higher chances of developing if it were not so close to the Equator. The system is organizing at about 7°N latitude, which is so close to the Equator that it cannot leverage the Earth's spin much to help it get spinning. It is quite unusual for a tropical depression to form south of 8°N latitude.
The farther south 92L stays, the better chance it has at survival. With the system's steady west-northwest movement this week, 92L should begin encountering hostile wind shear in excess of 30 knots by Thursday, which should be able to greatly weaken or entirely destroy the storm before it gets to the Lesser Antilles Islands. However, residents of the islands--particularly the northern Lesser Antilles--should follow the progress of 92L closely, and anticipate heavy rains and high winds moving through the islands by Saturday or Sunday next weekend. The GFDL and HWRF models are predicting that 92L will develop into a moderate strength tropical storm that will then be weakened or destroyed by the end of the week, before it reaches the islands. This looks like a reasonable forecast.
Figure 3. The departure of sea surface temperature (SST) from average for June 10, 2010. Image credit: NOAA/NESDIS.
Oil spill wind forecast
There is little change to the oil spill wind forecast for the coming two weeks. Light winds of 5 - 10 knots mostly out of the south or southeast will blow in the northern Gulf of Mexico all week, according to the latest marine forecast from NOAA. These winds will keep oil near the coast of Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, and the extreme western Florida Panhandle, according to the latest trajectory forecasts from NOAA and the State of Louisiana. The long range 8 - 16 day forecast from the GFS model indicates a typical summertime light wind regime, with winds mostly blowing out of the south or southeast. This wind regime will likely keep oil close to the coastal areas that have already seen oil impacts over the past two weeks.
Jeff Masters
Reader Comments
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That wave passed over Niamey, Niger on June 10th and 11th, evidenced by a surge of moisture (green colors). It has only recently started acquiring convection with it.
The same wave is what the GFS develops into a low in 7 days.
LOL....
hi everyone! MiamiHurricanes09 where can i find that graph?
hi!
Most vigorous Ive ever seen in June.
what kind?
It was an ITCZ Wave... I thought...
From the 40 earlier nothing has changed, you add 3 points if the cloud system is above 5N and 2 if the dvorak center and satellite center are within 2 degrees of each other...
I got 45 also.
The Indian Ocean is awash with tropical waves..
This is going to be an amazing ATL Hurricane Season!!
The area of 5-10 knots of shear right now is along the TUTT axis, which always has low shear. As the TUTT lifts north, everything shifts north with it including the shear zones. The high shear will be located over the northern Caribbean and north thereof, and the area of low shear associated with the TUTT axis will be even farther north over the SW Atlantic.
So why no TCFA?
You need to get the Music right, for that dance to happen LOL
Yeah! That would be AWESOME!
how you like it
I do not know.
What I do know my checklist gave me 45 and I was being conservative.
At the rate 92L is expanding it may have more than 30% in the SATL.
thanks in advance
Well, I wouldn't say this has a chance at developing in the next 48 hours.
ok
.WARNINGS.
.NONE.
.SYNOPSIS AND FORECAST.
.ATLC BROAD LOW PRES MEAN CENTER 07N34W 1012 MB. S OF 12N E OF
40W N TO NE WINDS 20 KT. SEAS LESS THAN 8 FT.
.24 HOUR FORECAST LOW PRES...POSSIBLY TROPICAL CYCLONE...09N38W
1012 MB. WITHIN 180 NM NE SEMICIRCLE OF CENTER WINDS 20 TO 25
KT. SEAS TO 8 FT. ELSEWHERE FROM 09N TO 16N E OF 42W NE TO E
WINDS 20 KT. SEAS LESS THAN 8 FT.
.48 HOUR FORECAST LOW PRES...POSSIBLE TROPICAL CYCLONE...11N43W
1013 MB. WITHIN 180 NM NE SEMICIRCLE OF CENTER WINDS 20 TO 25
KT. SEAS 8 FT. ELSEWHERE FROM 11N TO 20N E OF 45W NE TO E WINDS
20 KT. SEAS TO 8 FT.
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